Install WordPress

Table of Contents

Required packages #

apt install python3-certbot-nginx mariadb-server php-fpm php-curl php-imagick php-mbstring php-zip php-gd php-intl php-dom

Create the user and the group #

Create the group first:

groupadd --system example_com

Create the user:

useradd --system --gid="example_com" --no-create-home --shell="/usr/sbin/nologin" example_com

Add www-data user to the new group:

usermod -aG example_com www-data

MySQL #

Create the user and the DB:

mysql --execute="CREATE DATABASE example_com; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON example_com.* TO 'wpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'SECURE_PASSWORD' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

Files #

Download and extract #

Download the latest version:

wget "https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz"

Extract to /var/www/:

tar -xf "latest.tar.gz" -C "/var/www/"

Rename the wordpress directory to the used domain:

mv /var/www/wordpress /var/www/example.com

`wp-config.php` #

Create the wp-config.php:

cp "/var/www/example.com/wp-config-sample.php" "/var/www/example.com/wp-config.php"

Change the permission:

chmod 0640 "/var/www/example.com/wp-config.php"

Configure the WordPress:

nano "/var/www/example.com/wp-config.php"

Owner and group #

Change the owner and the group of the files:

chown -R example_com:example_com /var/www/

PHP-FPM #

Create a new pool

cp /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/example_com.conf

nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/example_com.conf

nginx #

nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

server {

        # Enable SSL and HTTP2
        listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
        listen 443 ssl http2;

        # Set certificate path
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
        ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;

        # Enable OCSP
        ssl_stapling on;
        ssl_stapling_verify on;
        resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1;
        resolver_timeout 5s;

        # Add security headers
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        add_header Referrer-Policy 'strict-origin' always;
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload" always;

        # Set root path
        root /var/www/example.com;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        server_name  example.com;

        # max file size to upload
        client_max_body_size 100M;

        proxy_buffering off;

        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
        }

        # FastCGI
        location ~ \.php$ {

                #NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                fastcgi_pass    unix:/run/php/php8.3-example_com.sock;
                include         snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        }

        location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|webp|ttf|woff2)$ {
                expires 365d;
        }

        location ~ /\. {
                deny all;
        }
}

server {

        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;

        server_name  example.com;

        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

# https
server {

        # Enable SSL and HTTP2
        listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
        listen 443 ssl http2;

        server_name www.example.com;

        # Set certificate path
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;
        ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;

        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload" always;

        # Enable OCSP
        ssl_stapling on;
        ssl_stapling_verify on;
        resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1;
        resolver_timeout 5s;

        # Disable accessing hidden files except .well-known
        location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
                deny all;
        }

        return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}

# http
server {

        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;
        server_name www.example.com;

        # Redirect http to https
        return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}

Enable:

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Reload nginx:

systemctl reload nginx